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Understanding Aortic Valve Stenosis Procedure in Kolkata / Causes and Symptoms necessitating aortic valve stenosis treatment in Kolkata
Congenital Abnormalities:
Some individuals may be born with abnormal aortic valves, such as bicuspid or unicuspid valves, which predispose them to aortic stenosis later in life.
Calcification:
The accumulation of calcium deposits on the aortic valve over time can lead to its stiffening and narrowing, resulting in stenosis.
Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease:
Rheumatic fever, a complication of untreated strep throat, can cause scarring of the heart valves, including the aortic valve, leading to stenosis.
Degenerative Changes:
Wear and tear on the aortic valve over time can result in degenerative changes, leading to stenosis. This process is more common in older adults.
Other Causes:
Rarely, aortic stenosis can result from conditions such as radiation therapy to the chest, certain medications, or autoimmune disorders.
Aortic Valve Stenosis Symptoms
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Physical Examination:
A thorough physical examination, including auscultation of the heart, may reveal characteristic murmurs associated with aortic stenosis.
Electrocardiogram (ECG):
An ECG can detect abnormal heart rhythms and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, which may indicate aortic stenosis.
Echocardiography:
Trans-thoracic echocardiography is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed visualization of the heart valves, allowing for the assessment of aortic valve structure and function.
Cardiac Catheterization:
Invasive procedures like cardiac catheterization may be performed to directly visualize the aortic valve and assess the severity of stenosis.
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1. Medication Management:
While medications cannot reverse aortic stenosis, they may help alleviate symptoms and manage associated conditions, such as high blood pressure or heart failure. Commonly prescribed medications include blood pressure-lowering drug, diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers.
2. Lifestyle Modifications:
Adopting heart-healthy lifestyle habits, such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress, can support overall cardiovascular health and may help slow the progression of aortic stenosis.
3. Surgical Interventions:
● Valve Repair: In select cases, particularly with congenital abnormalities or early-stage degenerative changes, surgical repair of the aortic valve may be feasible. This approach aims to restore valve function and improve blood flow without the need for valve replacement.
● Valve Replacement: For patients with severe aortic stenosis or extensive valve damage, valve replacement surgery may be necessary. Traditional surgical techniques involve open-heart procedures, where the diseased valve is removed and replaced with a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve.
● Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace the aortic valve in patients deemed high-risk or ineligible for traditional surgery. During TAVR, a collapsible artificial valve or a biological valve is delivered to the heart through a catheter, typically inserted through the groin, and deployed within the native valve, restoring normal blood flow.
4. Balloon Valvuloplasty:
In selected cases, balloon valvuloplasty may be performed as a less invasive alternative to surgical valve replacement. This procedure involves using a balloon catheter to widen the narrowed aortic valve opening.